ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin on neonatal mice infected with human rotavirus (HRV), and to analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods Hybridoma technology was used to prepare Ab2β of lactadherin. One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and control, each consisting of 30 mice. Groups A, B, and C were all infected with HRV via oral gavage. Group A received no treatment, group B was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days prior to infection, and group C was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days after infection, the control group was orally administered cell culture medium that did not contain the virus. The clinical manifestations (diarrhea, body weight) at different time points after infection of the neonatal mice in each group were observed, and the content of rotavirus antigen in the feces of neonatal mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After HRV infection for 7 days, immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mouse small intestinal tissues in each group. Results No diarrhea occurred in the control group at any time point. Groups A, B, and C showed diarrhea symptoms after HRV challenge for 1 day. The degree of diarrhea in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 2-4 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HRV antigen content in the feces of the neonatal mice in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 1-5 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the degree of diarrhea and HRV antigen content between groups B and C at each time point (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the neonatal mice in each group before infection and 1 day after infection (P>0.05); the weight of neonatal mice in groups B and C was higher than that in group A at 3, 5 and 7 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in body weight between groups B and C at each time point after HRV challenge (P>0.05). The number of ICAM-1 expressing cells in the small intestine of the three groups A, B, and C was higher than that of the control group after HRV challenge for 7 days, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The cell number and gray value of ICAM-1 expressing cells in groups B and C were lower than those in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin has a good preventive and therapeutic effects on human rotavirus infection in neonatal mice, and can significantly improve diarrhea symptoms and reduce HRV viral load. Its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ICAM-1.
ABSTRACT
@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin on neonatal mice infected with human rotavirus (HRV), and to analyze the underlying mechanism. Methods Hybridoma technology was used to prepare Ab2β of lactadherin. One hundred and twenty 7-day-old Kunming mice were randomly divided into groups A, B, C and control, each consisting of 30 mice. Groups A, B, and C were all infected with HRV via oral gavage. Group A received no treatment, group B was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days prior to infection, and group C was orally administered lactadherin for 7 days after infection, the control group was orally administered cell culture medium that did not contain the virus. The clinical manifestations (diarrhea, body weight) at different time points after infection of the neonatal mice in each group were observed, and the content of rotavirus antigen in the feces of neonatal mice was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After HRV infection for 7 days, immunohistochemical staining was used to examine the expression level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mouse small intestinal tissues in each group. Results No diarrhea occurred in the control group at any time point. Groups A, B, and C showed diarrhea symptoms after HRV challenge for 1 day. The degree of diarrhea in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 2-4 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The HRV antigen content in the feces of the neonatal mice in groups B and C was lower than that in group A at 1-5 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the degree of diarrhea and HRV antigen content between groups B and C at each time point (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the neonatal mice in each group before infection and 1 day after infection (P>0.05); the weight of neonatal mice in groups B and C was higher than that in group A at 3, 5 and 7 days after HRV challenge, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in body weight between groups B and C at each time point after HRV challenge (P>0.05). The number of ICAM-1 expressing cells in the small intestine of the three groups A, B, and C was higher than that of the control group after HRV challenge for 7 days, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The cell number and gray value of ICAM-1 expressing cells in groups B and C were lower than those in group A, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (Ab2β) of lactadherin has a good preventive and therapeutic effects on human rotavirus infection in neonatal mice, and can significantly improve diarrhea symptoms and reduce HRV viral load. Its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of ICAM-1.
ABSTRACT
Cognitive decline is a common complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB),but as such no pharmacological therapy has been shown to be efficacious in preventing the decline.However,gastrodin has been shown to have multi-pharmacological effects on neurological functions.We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that gastrodin would potentially prevent CPB-associated neurocognitive decline.We randomly assigned 200 patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery to receive either gastrodin (40 mg/kg) or saline after the induction of anesthesia and subsequently evaluated cognitive function before surgery,at discharge,and at 3rd month after surgery by using a battery of five neurocognitive tests,or adverse effects of gastrodin postoperatively.Neurocognitive decline in postoperative function was defined as a drop of 1 SD or more in the scores on tests of any one of the four domains of cognitive function.Cognitive decline occurred in 9％ of the patients in the gastrodin group in contrast to 42％ in the control group (P＜0.01) at discharge.Cognitive outcome could be determined at 3rd month in 87 patients in the gastrodin group and 89 in the control group.Cognitive decline was detected in 6％ in the gastrodin group and 31％ in the control group (P＜0.01).The incidences of possible adverse effects were similar between two groups.These results indicate that gastrodin is an effective and a safe drug for the prevention of neurocognitive decline in patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery with CPB.
ABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of propofol on the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) in BV-2 cells during mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. BV-2 cells, a mouse microglia line, were cultured and divided into 4 groups at random: control group (group C),ischemia/reperfusion group (group I/R), low-dose propofol (25 μmol/L) intervention group (group PF25) and high-dose propofol (100 μmoi/L) intervention group (group PF100). The mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-kB was measured by means of RT-PCR. TNF-а levels in the supernatants of BV-2 cells were detected by ELISA. The results showed that the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NF-kB was significantly higher in groups I/R, PF25 and PF100 than in group C (P<0.01). And the TNF-а level in the supernatants was elevated in groups I/R, PF25 and PF100 as compared with that in group C (P<0.01). After pre-treatment with propofol, the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-kB and the TNF-ct level were significantly decreased in groups PF25 and PF100 in comparison to those in group I/R (P<0.01). And the decrease in those indicators was more significant in group PF100 than in group PF25 (P<0.01). It was concluded that propofol exerted brain-protecting effects during I/R injury by suppressing the mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NF-kB and deceasing the TNF-а level.